MAP2 and Parkinson disease: Importantly, focusing on how PIP3 accumulation impacts αSyn aggregation in PD pathogenesis, triple immunofluorescence staining revealed the presence of PIP3- and pSyn-immunoreactive inclusions in the cytoplasm of MAP2-positive neurons and dotted inclusions in the interstitial region of the midbrain of PD patients, but almost no pSyn immunoreactivity in the control sections, ruling out the possibility that these structures are artifacts (Fig. 8f, g).