NPRL3 and focal epilepsy: Recently, an increasing number of presumably pathogenic mutations of the NPRL3 gene were reported in the cases of focal epilepsy (7, 9, 10), such as frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) (11), benign epilepsy in children with centrotemporal spikes (BECT), and familial focal epilepsy with variable foci (FFEVF) (12, 13).