There is paucity in literature on the roles of BIRC3 or IAP-2 in PCa, however it has been identified that BIRC3 is upregulated with a knockdown of Elongation Factor For RNA Polymerase II 2 (ELL2) (117), which in itself is downregulated by AR-FL and AR-V7 (21, 118), and drives proliferation in LNCaP cells (117). Here, AR is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.