TGFB1 and neoplasm: TGF-β also curbs adaptive immunity by inactivating DCs and T cell responses through different mechanisms, such as i) decreasing the number of T cells reactive against the tumor, as TGF-β decreases DC-mediated antigen capture and presentation to T cells in lymph nodes [43]; ii) curbing T cell proliferation; and iii) limiting T cell infiltration into the tumor.