In addition to its immunosuppressive effects (see section “CAFs trigger immunosuppression: a key role for TGF-β at the crossroads between mechanics and transcriptomics”), TGF-β drives fibroblasts to become CAFs [29] and promotes EMT in tumor cells and other cells of the tumor microenvironment, e.g., endothelial cells and pericytes [30]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.