APP and Alzheimer disease: It is known that pathological amyloidogenic amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, due to abnormal processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), promotes AD development via neurotoxic effects (Allinson et al., 2003; Sastre et al., 2008), and also, in part, by causing cerebrovascular impairments (Sastre et al., 2008; Iadecola, 2017).