On the other hand and in contrast to the aforementioned studies, deletion of both TNFRI and TNFRII accelerated AD (Montgomery et al., 2011), whereas TNFα inhibitors and an anti-TNF antibody (infliximab) improved cognitive decline in AD animal models and human patients (McAlpine et al., 2009; Shi et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Alzheimer disease.