CTLA4 and melanoma: Lastly, a patient presenting with stage III melanoma refractory to the monotherapy of adoptive transfer of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and anti-CTLA-4 achieved a complete remission (CR) and remains disease-free 5 years later after infusion with IL-21-primed polyclonal CTL plus CTLA-4 blockade (108).