ALB and anemia (phenotype): In the context of chronic kidney disease, and especially in patients undergoing hemodialysis, unmanaged and sustained systemic inflammation caused by uremic toxins, oxidative stress, fluid overload, and/or artificial materials have been identified to be critical in patients with cardiovascular disease, malnutrition, and anemia, and are associated with high mortality (25), and this is consistent with the results of the Spearman analysis in the present study, which showed that hemoglobin level, albumin, and calcium positively correlate with LCR in individuals of various ages and sexes.