Many proinflammatory cytokines and inflammation-associated nuclear transcription factors are related to impaired insulin secretion and contribute to the pathogenesis of T2DM, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) etc. (4, 6–8). Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.