Likewise, the PPIase Mip of L. pneumophila contributes to infection, collagen binding, phospholipase C-like activity, transmigration across tissue barriers, nematode colonization, surface translocation, and growth at suboptimal temperature (Figure 4) (DebRoy et al., 2006; Ünal et al., 2011; Rasch et al., 2019; Rasch et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene MIP and infection.