TLR4 and Alzheimer disease: In AD pathology, Aβ bind to pattern recognition receptors (such as CD36, TLR4, and TLR6) on microglia and astrocyte and trigger an innate immune response (Heneka et al., 2015), which drive microglia to a pro-inflammatory phenotype and to release pro-inflammatory cytokines (Colonna and Butovsky, 2017).