TLR4 and cancer: Numerous studies have demonstrated that TLR4 agonists do not significantly induce ferroptosis in cancer cells, but rather cause a negative immune response in in vivo against tumour population cells due to increased ferroptosis, indirectly creating a TME that is more favourable to cancer cell proliferation (Shetab Boushehri and Lamprecht, 2018; Kashani et al., 2021).