CCL2 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Obesity, hypertension, and smoking are leading preventable threats to global health.29 Our results suggest that higher body mass index increases multiple mediators of inflammation that affect various processes, including thrombosis (via plasminogen activation inhibitor-1), metabolism (HGF), and endothelial dysfunction (MCP1, TRAIL, ICAM1, and soluble E-selectin).