GAST and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Notably, many gastrin/gastrinase targeted drugs, such as anti-gastrin L-RNA inducers (anti-gastrin vaccines), GHSR antagonists, GHSR inverse agonists, GOAT inhibitors, cyclized deacetyl-gastrin analogs, none of which have entered late-stage clinical trials for the treatment of obesity or type 2 diabetes due to uncertainty about their safety and/or efficacy in humans (175–178).