It showed that b-HbA1c was not a risk factor for the 3p-MACE in some subgroups (e.g., age ≥ 65 years, hypertension, duration of diabetes ≥ 12 months, insulin treatment, PCI, severe CHD, etc. p > 0.05) (Additional file 1: Figure S1). Here, INS is linked to coronary artery disorder.