Differently, Yitbarek et al. (2012) demonstrated that chickens receiving the same functional feed and infected with Clostridium perfringens presented high levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-12 and IFN-γ), supporting a proinflammatory effect via T-helper type-1 cell-associated pathways to control the early stages of the infection. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and infection.