TNF and colorectal neoplasm: PGE2, a well-known principal mediator of inflammation47, plays a critical role in the development of colorectal tumors in AOM-DSS-induced tumor model as well as ApcMin mouse model by binding to the receptor EP2 to enhance the proliferation of tumor cells through induction of genes involved in inflammation and cell growth such as Tnf, Il6, Cxcl1, and Cox2, by activating β-catenin48,49.