It has been found that preconditioning with sevoflurane can significantly alleviate PTSD symptoms and reduce apoptosis by regulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and phosphorylation of the protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) signaling pathway (Chen et al. 2015). Here, BDNF is linked to post-traumatic stress disorder.