The white blood cell (WBC) count, plasma C-reactive protein levels and cytokine levels, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-8, are all higher in patients with ACLF than in non-ACLF patients.[29] When infection occurs, the levels of inflammatory cells, inflammatory factors and cytokines are further increased, leading to more severe liver damage and a worse prognosis. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is infection.