First-line immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy was reimbursed in patients based on a phase III study.17,18,19 In addition, adjuvant osimertinib for early-stage EGFR variation–positive NSCLC showed a survival benefit,20 and this treatment has been approved by the KFDA since 2021. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.