HLA-DRB1*0801 and HLA-DQA1*0401 are in strong LD with HLA-DQB1*0402 (P = 5.2 × 10−8) and have been associated with autoimmune disease, including type 1 diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus (27). This evidence concerns the gene HLA-DQB1 and autoimmune disease.