According to the biological importance of TNF, in ARDS patients on the first day, non-survivors had significantly higher BAL plasma ratios for TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, but also over time, BAL plasma ratios for TNF, IL-1ß, and IL-6 remained elevated in non-survivors, while they decreased in survivors [39]. Here, CXCL8 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.