Our observations on increased abundance of B cells in Ipi+Nivo+CT relative to Nivo+CT and their inverse correlation with remaining viable tumor cells, along with our corroborative data on TLS genes by NanoString-based profiling, suggest an association of B lineage cells and TLS-associated genes, such as CXCL13, with immunotherapeutic response, as described previously29–34. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL13 and neoplasm.