Comparison of differentially expressed genes between infected IEC4.1 and IEC4.1-Ifnar1−/− cells show that a majority of genes whose expression levels were altered in infected IEC4.1 cells (73.01% of total genes with an altered expression level at 24 h p.i.)showed no changes in the infected IEC4.1-Ifnar1−/− cells (Fig. 2g), suggesting a strong type I IFN-associated gene transcription in IEC4.1 cells following infection in vitro. Here, IFNAR1 is linked to infection.