In cohorts of pure ICC, however, there is no clinical trial reporting improved survival with PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy or combination therapy,9–11 but an observational study did find that PD-1/PD-L1 expression profiles could effectively predict ICC clinical prognosis.12 Additionally, endogenous antitumor responses, represented as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, were observed in all ICC tumors,13,14 suggesting that anti-PD-1 antibody therapy may exert clinical benefit for patients with ICC. Here, CD274 is linked to intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.