The TGF-β signaling pathway may mediate pro-tumor effects by regulating genomic instability, epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell-type transition, neovascularization, immune evasion, and/or metastasis27 in various cancers, such as cervical cancer28, lung cancer29, colorectal cancer30, and other types of cancer. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.