For both HCM and healthy hearts, activated pathways in the LA included D-myo-inositol-phosphate biosynthesis, cardiac hypertrophy, actin cytoskeleton, ILK and integrin signaling as well as production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages (Fig 3A and 3B). This evidence concerns the gene ILK and cardiac hypertrophy.