Therefore, it can be postulated that tumors may have different regulatory mechanisms for immune surveillance depending on the presence of either nuclear or conventional Aurora A. Our study demonstrated an upregulation of PD-L1 expression not only by AURKA knockdown, but also by 3 different small-molecular Aurora kinase inhibitors in pancreatic, lung, melanoma, colorectal, and bladder cancer cells. The gene discussed is AURKA; the disease is melanoma.