Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies elicited after COVID-19 and/or immunization with an inactivated vaccine have been identified by serum-based ELISA, using the same rSARS-CoV-2 Euk1-S1 protein as used in our study28, indicating the potential of identifying vaccine-generated antibodies by our urine-based ELISA. This evidence concerns the gene PSMD1 and COVID-19.