ULK1 and colorectal cancer: As expected [30], the level of HIF-1α, Lon, ULK1, and ULK1 downstream autophagy proteins, ULK1-S555 phosphorylation, ATG13, and FIP200, was increased under hypoxia exposure or CoCl2 treatment in HCT-15 colorectal cancer cells and in FADU, HSC-3 and OEC-M1 oral cancer cells (Figs. 1A and S1A, B).