NPPB and cardiac hypertrophy: At first, 1 mM UA treatment can slightly decrease heart rate and increase natriuretic peptide B (nppb/pro-BNP) level, but no alteration in cardiovascular size compared to control larvae (Fig. 4a–d) occured; Then, isoproterenol (ISO), a β-adrenergic receptor agonist, commonly used to trigger cardiac hypertrophy in animal models and cardiomyocytes [30], was used to construct heart failure model in zebrafish.