MYPN and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: healthy control hearts (for patient details, see Figure 6—source data 6) revealed an ~2.9-fold upregulation of MYPN mRNA in DCM patients as well as an ~1.9-fold upregulation of PALLD mRNA encoding the 200 kDa striated muscle-specific PALLD isoform, structurally homologous to MYPN (Figure 6B).