As revealed from recent findings, HIV-1 infection is capable of creating inflammation surroundings induced by virus proteins [transactivator of transcription (Tat) and gp (glycoprotein) 120] and pro-inflammation cell factors [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and IL-1β] [58, 59]. Here, TNF is linked to HIV-1 infection.