It was demonstrated that the pathogenesis of iron overload in iron-loading anemias, such as CDA type II (CDAII) and beta-thalassemia, is related to the over-expression of the erythroblast-derived hormone erythroferrone (ERFE)9, leading to hepcidin suppression10–12. The gene discussed is HAMP; the disease is Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II.