MSCs may exhibit pro-tumorous activity by enhancing tumor invasion through secretion of CCL5 (Karnoub et al., 2007) as well as inhibiting apoptosis through secretion of pro-survival factors VEGF and bFGF (König et al., 1997; Dias et al., 2002; Zhu et al., 2017). Here, CCL5 is linked to neoplasm.