MCAM and cancer: The use of antibodies, small molecules, peptides, or carbohydrates has been tested for surface functionalization.71 Antibodies, with their specific targeting properties, can be used for targeting cancer-specific surface antigens such as Melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM),72 Her 2 receptor, CD44, and growth factor receptors such as VEGFR and EGFR.71 Surface functionalization using small molecules such as folate, estrone, and anisamide are also effective in targeting tumor surface receptors for these molecules.