TNF and Cirrhosis: Patients with cirrhosis due to viral hepatitis showed increased numbers of hepatic macrophages associated with the infiltration of other pro-inflammatory CD14+HLA-DRhiCD206+ myeloid cells (Tan-Garcia et al., 2017), which in turn produced pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α (Weston et al., 2019).