In NAFLD, free fatty acids derived from white adipose tissue promoted hepatocyte triglyceride synthesis and storage as well as lipotoxicity with increased production of both pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 and macrophage recruiting chemokines such as CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL10 (Kazankov et al., 2019). Here, TNF is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.