Maternal HF increased the serum levels of insulin in the offspring (maternal diet effect p<0.05), with statistically difference in the post hoc test for males (+ 3.6-fold, p< 0.05) compared to sex-matched controls, but maternal HF diet did not change the serum levels of leptin, PYY or GLP-1 (Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene INS and hydrops fetalis.