We then examined single- and aggregate-variant associations separately in diabetes and non-diabetes populations of a large, nationally representative cohort facilitating application of identical phenotype definitions, including the dependency of albuminuria-stage in SNV-eGFRcreatinine associations, generation of a CUBN-specific genetic risk score (GRS), and identification of associations between individual SNVs and cystatin C-based measures of kidney function. Here, CST3 is linked to diabetes mellitus.