IRF1 and infection: Critically, targets of transcription factors known to regulate inflammation (IRF1, STAT1, STAT3) and fibrosis (SMAD2/3, EGR1, TEAD4, YAP1) appeared to be highly induced in the host (Figure 1B), consistent with prior reports of infection-dependent induction of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic gene expression (Carlson et al., 2005; Lad et al., 2005; Humphrys et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2017).