Additionally, MMP-9 inhibits cell adhesion and wound repair, which is elevated in intestinal tissues, serum and feces of IBD patients and is strongly correlated with disease activity and degree of inflammation (Meijer et al., 2007; Liu et al., 2013; de Bruyn and Ferrante, 2018), while MMP-9 deficiency attenuates intestinal inflammation in mice (Moore et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene MMP9 and inflammatory bowel disease.