NFKB1 and inflammatory bowel disease: NF-κB is involved in regulating TJ barrier function and increasing permeability in animal models of colitis (Yu et al., 2018; Kaminsky et al., 2021; Li et al., 2022a), and studies have found that NF-κB activity is increased in patients with IBD, and inhibition of NF-κB signaling conduction improved the symptoms of colitis in mice (Lin et al., 2019).