ALK and lung carcinoma: For example, the identification of amplifications, translocations, and mutations in different cancer types, such as HER2 amplification in breast cancer, translocations in ALK- ROS1-or EGFR mutations in lung cancer, BRCA mutations in ovarian and breast cancer, and BRAF mutations in melanoma and lung carcinoma, have enabled the selection of specific treatments according to patient characteristics (3, 4).