Recent updated results from phase I/II investigation of IL2 (NKTR-214) + anti-PD-1 (nivolumab) in patients with metastatic melanoma demonstrated the utility of pretreatment tumor biomarkers as potential predictors of response with increased CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and IFNγ gene expression associated with higher objective response rate (50). Here, IL2 is linked to neoplasm.