BAX and congenital rubella syndrome: CRS increased ROS and reduced antioxidant levels of GSH, MDA and total antioxidant capacity. CRS increased inflammatory responses of TNF-α and NF-κB and IL-1β of mitochondrial fractions. CRS disrupted MMP, and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. CRS increased cleavage of procaspase 9 and pro-caspase 3