First, CKD is an umbrella term with significant heterogeneity, and we were not able to analyze specific types of CKD; Second, we focus on the pathogenesis and diagnostic markers of CKD in the context of NAFLD, and it is important to note that CKD has the opposite effect on NAFLD, which is beyond the scope of our discussion; Third, our findings were required to validate in vivo and in vitro to better guide clinical practice, although the decreased expression of DUSPI and ZFP36 in CKD has been confirmed by related studies (36, 53). Here, ZFP36 is linked to chronic kidney disease.