SCN8A and epilepsy: In an experimental model of epilepsy, rats show a significant upregulation of Nav1.6 in activated astrocyte.[28] Exposure to LPS would cause a Na+ influx through VGSCs leading to an accumulation of sodium ions in the cytoplasm, which in turn causes the glial cells to be activated and as a consequence an inflammatory pathway is triggered.[29, 30] An additional study demonstrated that Nav1.6 expression was significantly changed in septic patients.[31]