STAT6 and neoplasm: Reprogramming macrophages from an M2-like phenotype to an M1-like phenotype is proposed to be a realistic strategy to reverse tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment by engineered exosomes alone88,193,194 or with other therapy.90,195 For example, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is a key transcription factor to control M2 phenotype.196 M1 macrophage-derived exosomes were loaded with STAT6-targeting antisense oligo nucleotide (ASO), termed as exoASO-STAT6.