INS and retinal disorder: Ethnic disparities in the management of T2DM continue to exist in the UK; compared to white people, those of Black ethnicity were shown to have poorer HbA1c, were less likely to be prescribed sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists and to have annual testing for HbA1c and retinopathy.8 Failure to intensify treatment with noninsulin combination therapy or insulin within 12 months of an HbA1c >7.5% (therapeutic inertia) was also more common among Black individuals.9