TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Obesity is related to both classic and novel risk factors, including prothrombotic factors (fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 [PAI-1], homocysteine), inflammatory factors (interleukin 10 [IL-10], interleukin 6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), C-reactive protein [CRP]), and some adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin) [6, 7].