Autophagosome accumulation, impaired retrograde transport, and abnormal axonal deformities in DA axons have been previously seen in neurons from patients with PD and Alzheimer’s disease.64–66 EM revealed some of the autophagic vacuoles near the whirl-like axonal deformity in auxilin KO striatum. This evidence concerns the gene DNAJC6 and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.