In response to infection- or stress-associated stimuli, inflammasomes oligomerize and self-assemble to induce proteolytic cleavage and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), and initiate pyroptosis or caspase-1-dependent lytic cell death [3], as outlined in Fig. 1. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and infection.